How long is the actual lifespan of ternary lithium ion battery?

As the promotion of energy conservation and environment protection, more and more environmental protection products are applied in market. In battery industry, ternary lithium ion battery quickly captures the market due to its advantages and takes the place of lead-acid battery gradually. Compared to the traditional battery, ternary lithium ion battery has advantages of longer lifespan, environmental friendly, low maintenance cost, fully charging and discharging, light weight, etc. How long is the actual lifespan of ternary lithium ion battery?

Ternary lithium ion battery

What is ternary lithium ion battery?

Lithium is a metal element with light weight and small atomic mass in nature. Its atomic weight is 6.94g/mol, ρ=0.53g/cm3. Since its chemical character is very active, lithium is prone to oxidize to Li+. Therefore, its standard electrode potential is negative value for -3.045V, and electrochemical equivalent is 0.26g/Ah, which make it a material with high specific energy. Ternary lithium ion battery is a lithium secondary battery using NCM transition metal oxide as anode materials. It has good cycle performance like lithium cobalt oxides, high specific energy as lithium nickelate, and good safety performance and low cost of lithium manganite. It is a compounding lithium oxide utilizing the methods of molecule uniform mix, dopant, coating and surface modification, which is a rechargeable lithium ion battery with extensive research and application.

Cycle life of ternary

The cycle life of battery means the time from start using the battery to the end when its capacity lessen to 70% of the nominal capacity (indoor temperature: 25℃, standard atmospheric pressure and capacity with 0.2c discharging). The cycle life is usually calculated by cycle times. During application, the irreversible electrochemical reaction inside decreases the capacity, such as degradation of electrolyte, deactivation of active material, the collapse of anode and cathode structure that leads in the reducing amount of embedding and dis-embedding Li ion. It is proved that discharging at higher rate will result in faster attenuation. If the discharging current is low, the voltage will be closed to the balanced voltages and release more energy.

The theoretical cycle life of ternary lithium ion battery is about 800 times, which belongs to the medium level in commercialized rechargeable lithium ion batteries. The cycle life of lithium iron phosphate is about 2000 times, while lithium titanate is over 10,000 times. Recently, most of the battery factories promise in the specification of ternary battery for over 500 cycles (charging and discharging under standard conditions). But the cycle life is around 400 times after assembling into battery pack due to consistency issues that the voltage and the internal resistance are impossible to be the same. The factory recommends 10%~90% of SOC application but no deepen charging and discharging, or it will damage the anode and cathode structure of the battery irreversibly. If calculate by slight charging and discharging, the cycle life is at least 1000 times. Besides, if the battery always discharges at high rate and under high temperature, the cycle life will decrease to less than 200 times.

The cycle life of lithium ion battery depends on the quality and raw materials.

The cycle life of ternary battery is about 800 times.

The cycle life of lithium iron phosphate is around 2500 times.

There is difference between conforming and non-conforming batteries. Conforming batteries are produced according to the specification of battery factory, but non-conforming batteries sometimes have less than 50 cycles.

Nowadays, the cycle life of 3.7V 18650 battery is 500~1000 or so, while 3.2V 18650 battery is over 2000 times. The precondition is that they are qualified batteries produced by regular factories. If they are non-conforming or fake batteries, the cycle life will be short.

Dongguan Large Electronics produces battery pack, ternary battery, lithium iron phosphate battery, lithium iron manganese battery, lithium ion battery, etc. for a long time. Large Electronics is popular battery brand in China, and its products have extensive application and good quality.